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1.
Braz. oral res. (Online) ; 38: e016, 2024. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS, BBO | ID: biblio-1550155

ABSTRACT

Abstract The pathogenic nature of infections caused by Candida spp. underscores the necessity for novel therapeutic agents. Extracts of Schinopsis brasilienses Engl are / a promising source of agents with antifungal effects. This study aimed to assess the antifungal potential of the leaf extract of S. brasilienses. The antifungal activity was evaluated by determining the minimum inhibitory concentrations and fungicide concentrations (MIC and MFC). The antibiofilm potential was assessed by counting colony-forming units/mL. The study examined the inhibition kinetics of fungal growth and potential synergism between gallic acid or the extract and nystatin using the Checkerboard method. Cytotoxicity was evaluated through the MTT assay. The extract exhibited antifungal effect against all tested strains, with MIC and MFC ranging from 31.25-250 μg/mL. Gallic acid, the main isolated compound, displayed a MIC of 2000 μg/mL. The extract of S. brasilienses at 31.25 μg/mL inhibited the formation of biofilm by C. albicans and significantly reduced the mass of mature biofilm after 24 and 48 h (p < 0. 05). At a concentration of 125 μg/mL, the extract demonstrated significant inhibition of fungal growth after 6 hours. The combination of gallic acid or extract with nystatin did not exhibit synergistic or antagonistic effect. Furthermore, the extract did not induce cytotoxicity to a human cell line. The extract of S. brasiliensis demonstrates antifungal activity against Candida, generally exhibiting fungicidal action and capacity to inhibit biofilm formation as well as reduce mature biofilms. Additionally, the extract showed low cytotoxicity to human cells.

2.
Pesqui. bras. odontopediatria clín. integr ; 17(1): e3389, 13/01/2017. tab, ilus, graf
Article in English | LILACS, BBO | ID: biblio-914260

ABSTRACT

Objective: To investigate the antifungal potential of A. colubrina, and its phytochemical characteristics, thermal profile and toxicity. Material and Methods: To assess potential antifungal activity, the technique of microdilution was used with the determination of the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration and Minimum Fungicidal Concentration, using standard species of Candida and recent clinical isolates of Candida albicans. Analyses of action of the extract were performed on the wall and cell morphology of C. albicans, of the interactive effect between the plant extract and nystatin on C. albicans through the checkerboard method, and of growth kinetics. The phytochemical screening was determined by spectrophotometry. The thermal profile was traced with the determination of thermogravimetric curves (TG) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The toxicity was evaluated by the method of hemolysis. Results: The extract of A. colubrina showed a fungistatic potential against all bacteria tested and it acted by modifying the cellular morphology of C. albicans. There was a synergism between nystatin and the plant extract (FIC=0.375), and 53.18% of total polyphenols were determined. The TG curve showed the occurrence of three steps of thermal decomposition. None of the tested concentrations became the effective cytotoxic concentration. Conclusion: Further studies should be conducted to understand the efficacy and the mechanisms of action involved in the antifungal activity of the plant extract of A. colubrina in order to produce a new drug for the treatment of oral candidiasis.


Subject(s)
Antifungal Agents , Candida albicans/immunology , Plant Extracts , Plants, Medicinal , Anti-Infective Agents , Brazil , Spectrometry, Fluorescence/methods
3.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-758442

ABSTRACT

Produtos derivados de plantas estão sendo bastante estudados devido à possibilidade de apresentarem substâncias com atividades antimicrobianas, principalmente, em decorrência do aumento da resistência bacteriana aos antimicrobianos, Vaccinium macrocarpon Aiton, conhecido como cranberry, é uma planta nativa, bastante difundida na América do Norte por suas propriedades terapêuticas, particularmente, na prevenção e tratamento de infecções urinárias, Este estudo objetivou avaliar in vitro a atividade antibacteriana, a concentração inibitória mínima (CIM) de um produto comercial a base de cranberry bem como as possíveis interações deste produto quando em associação com antimicrobianos, frente a cepas de Escherichia coli, As avaliações da atividade antibacteriana e da CIM foram realizadas utilizando-se discos de papel filtro estéreis (Cefar®), embebidos em 30µL da solução contendo frutos de cranberry em diferentes concentrações, O estudo da interferência do produto sobre a efetividade dos antimicrobianos foi realizado embebendo-se os discos de antibióticos, com 30µL da solução de cranberry [20mg/mL] equivalente a ½ CIM, Os resultados mostraram que a solução de cranberry apresentou atividade para todas as cepas de E, coli testadas independentemente do perfil de resistência e foi capaz de provocar diferentes efeitos interativos quando associado aos antimicrobianos, Estes dados comprovam o potencial antibacteriano deste fruto, promissor, para estudos de desenvolvimento de novos fármacos, entretanto, também mostram que em algumas situações, pode interferir sobre a efetividade de antimicrobianos de uso clínico...


Products derived from plants are being studied because often have substances with antimicrobial activity, mainly due to the increase in bacterial resistance to antimicrobial compounds. Vaccinium macrocarpon Aiton, known as cranberry, is a plant native to, quite widespread in North America for its therapeutic properties, particularly in the prevention and treatment of urinary infections. This study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial activity, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the possible interactions between a cranberry product when in association with antimicrobial agents against strains of Escherichia coli. The sensitivity profile was performed by disk diffusion using discs (Multifar ®), and the assessments of antibacterial activity and the MIC were performed using sterile filter paper discs (Cefar ®), soaked in 30 µl of the solution of cranberry, tested in different concentrations. The study of interference of cranberry solution about the effectiveness of antimicrobials was accomplished by soaking the antibiotic discs in their respective concentrations, with cranberry solution 30µL [20 mg/mL] equivalent to 0.5 MIC. The results showed that cranberry solution presented activity for all strains regardless of resistance profile of these lineages and was able to provoke different interactive effects when associated to antimicrobials. These results prove the antibacterial potential of this fruit promising possible, for studies of development of new products, however, also show that in some situations, it may interfere on the effectiveness of antimicrobials for clinical use...


Subject(s)
Anti-Bacterial Agents , Vaccinium macrocarpon/microbiology
4.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-691776

ABSTRACT

Com o aumento dos microrganismos resistentes às substâncias antimicrobianas já conhecidas, vários extratos de plantas medicinais foram testados com a finalidade de procurar novos compostos com atividade antimicrobiana reconhecida. Assim este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a atividade antimicrobiana de diferentes extratos vegetais em bactérias relacionadas à infecção endodôntica. Foram testados os extratos hidroalcóolicos das espécies Syderoxylum obtusifolium Roem e Schult (quixabeira), Bauhínia forficata Linn (mororó), Anadenanthera colubrina Brenan (angico), Spondias tuberosa Arruda (umbuzeiro), Tabebuia pentaphylla Vell. (ipê rosa) e Guapira graciliflora Mart. (joão-mole), contra o Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus e Escherichia coli. Foram realizados os ensaios antimicrobianos pela técnica do disco difusão em ágar e pelo método de microdiluição em caldo. Todos os extratos analisados apresentaram atividade antimicrobiana contra pelo menos uma espécie bacteriana. Os melhores resultados foram encontrados com T. pentaphylla Vell e G. graciliflora Mart, apresentando atividade contra todas as cepas testadas, destacando-se a atividade de T. pentaphylla Vell frente a S.aureus na concentração de 0,78μl/μl e da casca de G. graciliflora Mart frente a E.faecalisna concentração de 6,25μl/μl. Os resultados sinalizam o potencial antimicrobiano dessas plantas, podendo ser promissoras para estudos de desenvolvimento de novos produtos de uso endodôntico.


In the face of an increasing range of microorganisms known to be resistant to antimicrobial substances, various herbal extracts have been screened in order to find new compounds with recognized antimicrobial activity. In particular, this study was carried out to assess the antimicrobial activity of such extracts on bacteria related to endodontic infection. Hydroalcoholic extracts of the species Syderoxylum obtusifolium Roem and Schult (quixabeira), Bauhinia forficata Linn (mororó) Anadenanthera colubrina Brenan (angico), Spondias tuberosa Arruda (umbuzeiro), Tabebuia pentaphylla Vell. (ipê rosa) and Guapira graciliflora Mart. (joão-mole), were tested against Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The antimicrobial assays were performed by the disk agar diffusion and broth microdilution methods. All extracts analyzed showed antimicrobial activity against at least one bacterial species. The best results were obtained with T. pentaphylla and G. graciliflora, which showed activity against all tested strains; specifically, that of T. pentaphylla against S. aureus, at a concentration of 0.78μL/μL, and of G. graciliflora bark against E. faecalis, at a concentration of 6.25μL/μL, should be highlighted. The results indicate that extracts of these plants may be promising for the study and development of new antimicrobials for endodontic use.


Subject(s)
Anti-Infective Agents , Plants, Medicinal , Pulpitis
5.
Odontol. clín.-cient ; 12(1): 35-38, Jan.-Mar. 2013. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-720295

ABSTRACT

Avaliou-se a eficácia de diferentes substâncias químicas, em diferentes tempos de imersão, na desinfecção de cones de guta-percha previamente contaminados com Enterococcus faecalis. Foram utilizados 90 cones de guta-percha #40 de embalagens lacradas que sofreram contaminação com as cepas por 1 minuto e 24 horas. Foram submersos em Álcool 70%, Clorexidina 0,12%, Clorexidina 2%, Hipoclorito de Sódio a 1%, Hipoclorito de Sódio a 2%, Hipoclorito de Sódio a 2,5% e Soro fisiológico, permanecendo por 1, 2, 3, 4 e 5 minutos. Os cones foram introduzidos em tubos de ensaio, contendo 5ml de caldo de cultura BHI e levados à estufa bacteriológica. A avaliação da descontaminação foi feita pela análise visual da turvação do meio de cultura. O grupo com os cones desinfetados com soro fisiológico, em todos os tempos, foi considerado o controle positivo. As demais soluções mostraram-se efetivas desde que utilizadas por, pelo menos, 1 minuto. Os resultados foram os mesmos tanto para os cones de guta-percha imersos na suspensão microbiana durante 1 minuto, como também durante 24 horas. Conclui-se que seja mais segura a realização da descontaminação prévia dos cones por, pelo menos, um minuto, para que, assim, se possa evitar o insucesso do tratamento.


The efficacy of different chemical substances was evaluated in different immersion times for disinfection of gutta-percha cones previously contaminated with Enterococcus faecalis. 90 gutta-percha cones # 40 of sealed packages were used, which have suffered contamination with strains for 1 minute and 24 hours. They were submerged in 70% alcohol, 0.12% Chlorhexidine, 2% Chlorhexidine, 1% Sodium Hypochlorite, 2% Sodium Hypochlorite, 2.5% sodium hypochlorite and saline solution, remaining at 1, 2, 3 , 4 and 5 minutes. The cones were introduced in test tubes containing 5ml of BHI broth and taken to a bacteriological incubator. The decontamination evaluation was performed by visual analysis of culture medium turbidity. The group with cones disinfected with saline solution at all times was considered the positive control. The other solutions were effective if used for at least 1 minute. The results were the same for gutta-percha cones immersed in the microbial suspension for 1 min or 24 hours. It is concluded that it is safer the prior decontamination of the cones for at least one minute, so that it can be prevented the treatment failure.

6.
Braz. oral res ; 26(3): 215-221, May-June 2012. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-622936

ABSTRACT

This in vitro study evaluated both the antimicrobial activity and the root canal cleaning ability of plant extracts used in irrigation solutions. The antimicrobial activities of the aroeira-da-praia (Schinus terebintifolius Raddi) and the quixabeira (Syderoxylum obtusifolium Roem & Schult) hydroalcoholic extracts, of 2.5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and of 0.12% chlorhexidine (positive control) against Enterococcus faecalis were tested with the agar well diffusion method. The level of root canal cleanliness was examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Twenty one single-rooted human teeth were divided into three groups according to the irrigation solution applied: 1) 50% aroeira-da-praia; 2) 50% quixabeira and 3) a combination of 2.5% sodium hypochlorite + 17% EDTA. All solutions tested demonstrated antimicrobial activity against Enterococcus faecalis. The SEM analysis revealed that higher and lower degrees of surface cleaning were observed, in the three groups, respectively for the coronal and apical thirds, in that quixabeira showed the greatest efficiency in removing the smear layer in the apical third. All the agents tested presented antimicrobial activity against E. faecalis. None, however, was able to completely remove the smear layer of the dentinal surface in the different thirds of the root canal. The results suggest that the analyzed plant extracts may represent a new therapeutic option in the list of alternative agents available for endodontic treatment.


Subject(s)
Humans , Anacardiaceae/chemistry , Anti-Infective Agents/pharmacology , Dental Pulp Cavity/drug effects , Enterococcus faecalis/drug effects , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Root Canal Irrigants/pharmacology , Chlorhexidine/chemistry , Dentin/drug effects , Edetic Acid/chemistry , Microscopy, Electron, Scanning , Smear Layer , Statistics, Nonparametric , Surface Properties , Sodium Hypochlorite/chemistry
7.
Epidemiol. serv. saúde ; 21(2): 341-350, abr.-jun. 2012. tab, ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-644095

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: descrever aspectos da prescrição e cuidado a pacientes em Unidades Básicas de Saúde da Família (UBSF) do município de Esperança, estado da Paraíba, Brasil. Métodos: estudo descritivo, sobre indicadores de prescrição e cuidado ao paciente propostos pela Organização Mundial da Saúde; amostra de conveniência, composta por pacientes maiores de 18 anos atendidos em janeiro-agosto de 2007. Resultados: foram considerados 600 pacientes, com média de medicamentos/receita de 2,4, 74,6 por cento dos medicamentos prescritos pelo nome genérico e 85,3 por cento constantes da Relação Municipal de Medicamentos Essenciais (REMUME); 9,3 por cento das receitas continham ao menos algum antibiótico, 10,1 por cento algum psicofármaco e 2,97 por cento alguma medicação injetável; foram dispensados 48,0 por cento dos medicamentos prescritos; o tempo médio de dispensação foi de 49 segundos e o tempo médio de consulta, 7 minutos e 8 segundos. Conclusão: os prescritores seguem a relação de medicamentos padronizados embora a REMUNE necessite atualizá-la periodicamente para atender o perfil epidemiológico populacional.


Objective: to discribe aspects of prescription and patient-care at Healthcare Units of Family Health (HUFH) in the municipality of Esperança, state of Bahia, Brazil. Methods: a descriptive cross-sectional study on prescription and patient-care indicators proposed by the World Health Organization. Results: average for prescribed drugs were 2.4; 74.6 percent of the medicaments were prescribed by generic name; 85.3 percent were listed by the Municipal List of Essential Drugs (REMUME); 9.3 percent had at least one antibiotic; 10.1 percent had at least one psychotropic; and 2.97 percent, at least an injectable medication; 48.0 percent of the prescribed drugs were effectively dispensed; the average time of dispensation was 49 seconds, and the medical consultation time, 7 minutes and 8 seconds. Conclusion: prescription follows standard list recommended, but REMUME needs actualization to attend the epidemiologic profile of the population.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Drug Prescriptions , Drugs, Essential , Pharmaceutical Services
8.
Arch. latinoam. nutr ; 58(4): 350-356, dic. 2008. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-588720

ABSTRACT

O objetivo desta pesquisa foi verificar a frequência de obesidade central e generalizada e sua associação com perfil lipídico e hábitos de vida em idosos hipertensos, cadastrados no Sistema Hiper Dia em Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brasil. Trata-se de um estudo transversal, comparativo e associativo realizado em uma população de 131 sujeitos (60 a 92 anos), os quais foram divididos em grupos, por sexo; masculino (n=34) e feminino (n=97), e por idade; 60 a 69 (n=59), 70 a 79 (n=58) e = 80 (n=14). Foram realizadas avaliações bioquímicas e antropométricas e entrevista contendo informações sobre diagnóstico médico, dados sócio-econômicos, demográficos e hábitos de vida. Utilizou-se estatística descritiva e na análise comparativa, Teste t de Student ou ANOVA One-Way. Para associação utilizou-se o Teste Exato de Fisher ou Qui-quadrado. Dos entrevistados, 75,8 por cento eram sedentários. Entre os homens, a frequência de sobrepeso foi de 14,7 por cento e de obesidade de 11,8 por cento, já entre as mulheres, de 24,7 por cento e 21,6 por cento, respectivamente. Na análise da Relação-Cintura-Quadril - RCQ observou-se que 76,3 por cento das mulheres e 26,5 por cento dos homens apresentaram valores acima dos recomendados. Para a Circunferência da Cintura - CC, 95,9 por cento das mulheres e 52,9 por cento homens mostraram risco elevado. A Circunferência Abdominal - CA de 95,9 por cento das mulheres e 38,2 por cento dos homens apresentou valores de indicativos de risco. Somente os homens apresentaram associação estatisticamente significativa da RCQ e CA com Índice de Massa Corpórea (= 30 Kg/m2), indicando obesidade centralizada (p=0.0480) e (p=0.0040), respectivamente. Os resultados apontam uma alta frequência de sobrepeso e obesidade centralizada associada com sedentarismo.


The objective of this study was to verify the frequency of central and generalized obesity and its association with lipid profile and lifestyle in hypertensive elders enrolled in HiperDia System in Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brazil. This cross-sectional comparative and associative study was performed on a sample of 131 hypertensive elders (range: 60 to 92 years). They were divided into groups by sex (masculine) n=34 and (feminine) n=97, and by age (60 to 69) n=59, (70 to 79) n=58 and (= 80) n=14. Anthropometric and biochemical assessments and interviews containing information about medical diagnosis and socioeconomic, demographic, and lifestyle characteristics were performed. A descriptive statistics analysis was used and in the comparative analysis we used Student´s t test or One-way Anova. To the association we used Fisher´s Exact test or Chi-square test. Seventy-five point eight percent of who were interviewed were sedentarians. Men showed frequencies of 14.7 percent of overweight and 11.8 percent of obesity, and women showed frequencies of 24.7 percent and 21.6 percent, respectively. In the Waist-to-hip ratio - WHR analysis it was observed that 76.3 percent of women and 26.5 percent of men showed inadequate values. Considering the Waistline measurement - WM, 95.9 percent of women and 52.9 percent of men showed high risk. Considering the Abdominal circumference - AC, 95.9 percent of women and 38.2 percent of men showed values that indicated risk. Only men showed significative association between WHR, AC and Body Mass Index = 30 Kg/m2, that indicated central obesity, (p=0.0480) and (p=0.0040), respectively. Results point to a high frequency of overweight and central obesity associated with sedentarism.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Feeding Behavior , Hypertension/diet therapy , Hypertension/prevention & control , Lipid Metabolism , Nutritional Status , Obesity , Risk Factors , Nutritional Sciences
9.
Rev. bras. epidemiol ; 10(2): 149-156, jun. 2007. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-455557

ABSTRACT

INTRODUÇÃO: O Sistema Unico de Saúde (SUS) assegura o acesso aos medicamentos, mediante a garantia da execução integral da Assistência Farmacêutica. A Organização Mundial de Saúde (OMS) desenvolveu os Indicadores do Uso de Medicamentos com o intuito de descrever e avaliar aspectos que afetam a prática farmacêutica nos centros de saúde. OBJETIVO: Conhecer a(s) classes terapêuticas mais prescritas, segundo os indicadores de prescrição médica nas Unidades de Saúde da Família (UBSF) do município de Campina Grande. MÉTODOS: O estudo baseou-se nos Indicadores de Prescrição de Medicamentos propostos pela OMS. Os medicamentos foram classificados segundo a Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification (ATC) e os dados analisados utilizando-se os programas EpiInfo 2000 e Excel. RESULTADOS: Foi prescrita uma média de 1,5 medicamentos por receita médica. A porcentagem de antibióticos prescritos foi de 21,1 por cento. Os medicamentos foram prescritos pelo nome genérico em 84,2 por cento das prescrições e apenas 1,1 por cento eram injetáveis. Faziam parte da lista de medicamentos padronizados 91,9 por cento dos prescritos. O grupo farmacológico mais prescrito foi o de antibióticos (21,0 por cento), seguido dos antiparasitários (18,4 por cento), analgésicos e antipiréticos (15,4 por cento), medicamentos para o aparelho digestivo (9,5 por cento) e respiratório (9,2 por cento). CONCLUSÕES: Percebe-se a importância de conhecer as principais demandas da comunidade, a fim de que os serviços possam planejar e realizar intervenções pertinentes às necessidades da população. Os indicadores apresentaram bons índices, demonstrando possível conseqüência da Política Nacional de Medicamentos e da realização da Conferência Municipal de Medicamentos e Assistência Farmacêutica.


INTRODUCTION: The "Sistema Unico de Saúde" (Unified National Health System - SUS) ensures access to medication through the guarantee of integral pharmaceutical care. The World Health Organization (WHO) developed Indicators on the Utilization of Drugs with the intention of describing and evaluating aspects that affect pharmaceutical practices in health centers. OBJECTIVES: To learn which are the most commonly prescribed therapeutic groups, according to Prescription Indicators in the Family Health Program of the municipal district of Campina Grande. METHODS: The study was based on the Prescription Indicators proposed by the WHO. Drugs were classified according to the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification (ATC) and data were analyzed using EpiInfo 2000 and Excel programs. RESULTS: An average of 1.5 drugs were prescribed per prescription. The percentage of antibiotics prescribed was 21.1 percent. Medication was prescribed by its generic name in 84.2 percent of prescriptions and only 1.1 percent was parenteral. 91.9 percent of the medications prescribed were part of the list of standard drugs. The most frequently prescribed pharmacologic group was antibiotics (21.0 percent), followed by anti-parasites (18.4 percent), analgesics and anti-thermals (15.4 percent), and drugs for the digestive (9.5 percent) and respiratory (9.2 percent) systems. CONCLUSIONS: It is important to know the community's main demands, so that policy-makers can plan and carry out appropriate activities to meet the needs of the population. Indicators presented good indexes, possibly as a consequence of the National Drug Policy and the accomplishment of the Municipal Conference on Medication and Pharmaceutical Care.


Subject(s)
Pharmaceutical Preparations , Primary Health Care , Drug Prescriptions , National Health Strategies
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